Build a DC to AC Inverter Circuit with IOT Based Load Monitoring

Abstract

The boost inverter or boost DC-AC converter is a new voltage source inverter (VSI) that is suggested in this research. The novel inverter topology\'s key feature is that, depending on the instantaneous duty cycle, it produces an AC output voltage that is greater than the DC input voltage. This characteristic is not present in the conventional VSI, which consistently generates an AC output instantaneous voltage lower than the DC input voltage. A sliding mode controller is suggested to optimize the boost inverter dynamics while guaranteeing proper functioning under any working circumstance. The primary benefit of sliding mode control over traditional control strategies is its resistance to changes in plant parameters, which results in invariant dynamics and steady-state response in in the best scenario. This study covers operation, analysis, control technique, and experimental outcomes. When an AC voltage greater than the DC link voltage is required, the new inverter is designed to be employed in UPS and AC driver systems without the requirement for a second power conversion stage.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The project's goal is to create a DC to AC inverter circuit that can run an AC appliance off of a DC battery. We are aware that while DC electricity can be stored, AC power cannot. Therefore, in the absence of electricity provided by the municipal corporation, we can store or, more accurately, obtain a backup supply using DC battery energy. This energy can then be converted into AC energy and utilized to power common AC appliances. We can check the load current using an Internet-connected mobile application by employing a microcontroller and a current sensor. Thus, the topic at hand is how to convert dc to ac using a DC to AC converter. an adapter before sending it out to provide current to a device, it is converted into AC. These were primarily made to do the opposite, converting AC to DC. Because these converters may theoretically operate in the opposite direction to generate the opposite effect, they are known as inverters.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW:

It is difficult to use most electronic devices when the electricity is out, but this issue can be resolved by using an inverter, a DC to AC converter whose function is to convert DC input voltage to a symmetrical AC output voltage of desired magnitude and frequency. There are different types of watt in the inverter according to P=VI, and watt is dependent on the current. The using of watt gets for for the use of watt gets for the use of watt gets for the inverters systems and high voltage DC transmission are both used. Towns and nations without adequate lighting employ inverters. It is a vital tool for extending life. So, after studying inverters, we can understand electrical and electronic concepts. Direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) converters are used to do this. They also go by the name "DC to AC converters." DC/AC power inverters convert DC electricity—typically 12 VDC—from a battery or other power source to 110 VAC, which is the norm for residential AC power. 5.

The majority of vehicles get their energy from 12V batteries. A 24v battery can be utilized, however, in specific circumstances. Knowing the vehicle voltage is crucial because the voltage rating of the inverter we select must match the voltage of the battery. 6. The battery produces DC, hence current will always flow continuously from the battery's negative terminal to its positive terminal. Current in a DC system will only flow in one direction. Although batteries can typically produce some DC power with low voltage, DC is quite beneficial. Many devices need more power than DC can provide in order to function properly. Consequently, the focus of this article is on DC to AC converters and how to do it.. Before transmitting the DC voltage to provide current to a device, a converter boosts it to transform it into AC. These were primarily made to do the opposite, converting AC to DC. Because these converters may theoretically operate in the opposite direction to generate the opposite effect, they are known as inverters.

A. Research Methodology

One of the most crucial components in power electronics is the DC-to-AC Converter. This is due to the fact that many practical applications rely on these transformations. DC-to-AC Converters or Inverters are electrical circuits that convert Direct Current (DC) input into Alternating Current (AC) output. They are utilized in power electronic applications where the pure 12V, 24V, or 48V DC power input needs to be converted into an AC output with a specific frequency. Alternating current moves both forward and backward while changing directions. Alternating current (AC) is a type of current in which the direction alternates on a regular basis. Its frequency is non-zero. It is made by dynamos, AC generators, etc. The size and polarity of the current remain constant in direct current. Direct current is defined as current that always flows in a conductor's same direction. It has no frequency at all. Cells, batteries, DC generators, etc. are used to make it. Although inverters are complicated machines, they can convert DC to AC for use in standard power supplies. Utilizing inverters enables us to use machinery made to operate in a traditional AC environment while also taking advantage of the simplicity of DC systems.

B. Problem Statement

The transformer that is now on the market is chosen without research into the specifics of the transformer's design and construction. Research is being done to examine this issue and its consequences on the transformer winding configuration. The type of winding and the number of turns are the major factors that will be examined. For the application of the DC-AC inverter, this will be thoroughly studied. Here are a few sample research question or design concepts’)

1. How do I give detailed information on the transformer's design and construction?
2. How can I get the transformer to run at its best?
3. The rise in AC inversion-using electrical equipment.

C. Working

The DC to AC circuit can be divided into three parts: an oscillator, a transistor, and an amplifier. A 50Hz oscillator is employed because the frequency of the AC supply is 50Hz.

This can be done by creating an astable multivibrator that outputs a square wave signal at 50 Hz. Resistors like R1, R2, R3, R4, capacitors like C1, & C2, and transistors like T2 & T3 can be used to create an oscillator. Every transistor produces square waves that are inverted, and the values of the resistor and capacitor determine the frequency. The astable multivibrator's generated square wave's frequency formula is F = 1/(1.38 * R2 * C1The two Power MOSFETs, T1 and T4, improve the oscillator inverting signals and deliver them to the step-up transformer via its center tap, which is connected to 12V DC. Short circuits must be avoided at all costs. By simultaneously closing Q1 and Q2, this occurs. It is required to switch off one set of IGBT before turning on the next in order to prevent this. Inductive current needs a channel via the diodes in order to prevent voltage buildup during the transition phase. To balance out any variations in the DC supply, the capacitor offers smoothing.

D. Why Do i Need to Convert from Dc to Ac?

1. A 12-volt battery provides the majority of autos and motor homes with their power. A powerful 24-volt battery might be employed in specific circumstances. Knowing your vehicle's voltage is crucial because the inverter you choose should have a voltage rating that matches the battery voltage.
2. The battery supplies direct current in both scenarios. This indicates that the current never stops moving from the battery's negative terminal through the finished circuit and back to the positive terminal.
3. Direct current refers to a flow that only occurs in one direction. Because of how batteries work, they can deliver direct current electricity
4. Although batteries can typically only supply very low-voltage DC power, direct current is quite beneficial. Many devices require more power than DC can supply in order to operate effectively. They are made to function with the 120-volt AC power that American households receive.
5. Alternating current, or AC, constantly switches the direction of the current in a circuit by sending it in one direction and then sending it in the other direction. In most American electrical systems, it happens 60 times every second. Since AC electricity is more easily "stepped up" in voltage by a transformer than direct current is, it performs better at high voltages.
6. An inverter boosts the DC voltage before converting it to alternating current and delivering it to a device.

III. RESULTS FROM OUTDOOR EXPERIMENT

1. Create the inverter circuit: Square wave, modified sine wave, and pure sine wave are a few examples of the several inverter circuit types that are accessible. Based on your needs, select a suitable circuit and construct it with the proper electronic parts.
2. Connect the battery's positive and negative terminals to the input terminals of the inverter circuit to connect the DC power source to it.
3. Join the inverter circuit to the AC load: Connect the AC load (such as a lightbulb or small appliance) to the inverter circuit's output terminals. Make sure the load is appropriate for the kind of inverter circuit you are utilizing.
4. Connect the microcontroller (such as an Arduino or Raspberry Pi) to the inverter circuit to complete step four of the installation of the IoT module. Additionally, use the proper communication interfaces, such as UART or SPI, to link the microcontroller to the IoT module (such as the ESP8266 or SIM800).
5. Install current and voltage sensors: To measure the electrical parameters, install current and voltage sensors in the proper places inside the circuit. Connect these sensors to the microcontroller's analogue or digital input ports.
6. Set the microcontroller to work: Create a programme for the microcontroller to track the output current, voltage, and other pertinent characteristics of the inverter. Utilize the microcontroller's supported programming languages and libraries.
7. . Set up the IoT module: Configure the IoT module to connect to the internet. Set the module up to send information to a local server or a cloud platform.
8.  Set up IoT monitoring: Change the microcontroller programme so that it sends the measured information from the current and voltage sensors to the IoT module. Use the module's connectivity features, such as Wi-Fi or GSM, to send the data to a remote server or a local one.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE

Currently, industries find dc to ac converters to be of great use. In the future, sophisticated level dc to ac converters will be available for usage in a variety of sectors. It can be used to create many projects based on dc to ac converters. Famous software companies will likely employ dc to ac converters in the future, thus it is crucial to comprehend how they operate. Therefore, it is crucial for students to learn about dc to ac conversion because it will be a crucial idea in the future.

Conclusion

In this experiment, we investigated the inverter circuit used to convert dc to ac electricity. We also looked at the various dc-to-ac converter designs and the components that can be used in them. We learned about the dc to ac converter\'s uses, operation, circuit operation, and benefits and drawbacks. So, this will be how the dc to ac converter works as a complete.

References

[1] “Power converters with digital filter feedback Control ” by Keng .C. Wu [2] “ Electric Renewable energy Systems” by Muhammad H Rashid. [3] https://www.romn.io/2020/05/a-simple-approach-to-measure-acdc.html. [4] https://www.mka.in/wp/acs712-current-sensor-with-nodemcu

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Prof. K. D. Vidhate, Shriraj Wagh, Vijay Varat, Arbaz Shaikh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.